Self-esteem

Self-esteem - our comprehensive self-evaluation - the sum of all our self schemas and possible selves? If we see ourselves as attractive, strong, intelligent, and destined to be wealthy and loved, will we have high self-esteem? This is the assumption made by psychologists. Based on this assumption, they proposed that in order to make people feel better about themselves, they need to make them feel more attractive, stronger, smarter, and so on. Especially Crocker and Wolfe (2001) argue that those special fields are very important for people's self-esteem. A person's self-esteem may depend on their good performance in school and their attractive appearance, while another person's self-esteem may depend on being loved by God and adhering to moral standards. Therefore, the first person will have higher self-esteem when they feel smart and beautiful, while the second person will have higher possibilities for themselves as imagined by Winfrey when they feel moral, including not being overweight, being wealthy, and being healthy, which motivates them to work hard to pursue the life they want.

However, Brown&Dutton (1994) argue that this "bottom-up" view of self-esteem is not comprehensive. They believe that the arrows of causality may be opposite. Individuals who evaluate themselves in a comprehensive way - those with high self-esteem - are more likely to further evaluate their appearance, abilities, and other aspects. They are more like new parents, loving their children, enjoying their fingers, toes, and hair. Parents do not first evaluate their child's fingers or toes before deciding how to evaluate their child as a whole. To confirm their view that overall self-esteem affects special self perception ("top-down"), Brown and Dalton introduced a hypothetical quality called "comprehensive ability" to students at the University of Washington. They presented students with three words - such as "cal", "swimming", and "cue" - and asked them to come up with a word that could connect these three words. Tip: This word starts with p When students are told that this ability is very important, people with high self-esteem are more likely to report that they have this ability than when they are told that it is not useful. It seems that people who feel good about themselves in terms of synthesis will emit a rose colored light in their special self schema ("I have synthesis ability") and potential self.

Self esteem motivation.
The motivational engine drives our cognitive machines. Faced with failure, people with high self-esteem tend to believe that others have also failed like themselves and exaggerate their superiority over others in order to maintain their self-worth. The higher the level of physiological arousal after failure, the easier it is for them to justify their failure with self protective attributions (Brown&Rogers, 1991). We are not just cold information processing machines.
According to a report by Tesser (1 "esser, 1988) of the University of Georgia, the motivation of" maintaining self-esteem "can predict many interesting findings. For example, friction between brothers and sisters. Do you have a same-sex brother or sisters who is close to your age? If so, people are likely to compare you with each other when you grow up. Tesser speculates that if people rate one of you more highly, it will encourage the other to act in a way that maintains self-esteem. Therefore, those who have a fairly capable brother can always recall the bad relationship between brothers: those who are on a par with their brother's ability often can't remember themselves and brothers There is any friction between them.
The threat of self-esteem can also occur between friends, as the success of friends may be more threatening than that of strangers (Zuekerman&Jost. 2001). It can also happen between couples. Despite the deep mutual interests between spouses, the same career goals can still create tension and jealousy (Clark&Bennett, 1992). Similarly, people are most jealous of those who are both outstanding peers and rivals in love.
As we have previously noted, interpersonal relationships have a guiding significance for our survival and development. Therefore, when we encounter threatening social rejection, the self-esteem indicator light will warn us to be more sensitive to others' expectations of us. Research has shown that social rejection can lower our self-esteem and increase our desire to be accepted. When we are looked down upon or abandoned, we feel that we lack charm and abilities. This pain is like a flashing indicator light in the cockpit. It will drive us to develop ourselves through action and seek social acceptance and recognition elsewhere.